Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) GIS & Mapping Tools
Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) GIS mapping tools are essential for accurately mapping habitats and calculating biodiversity improvements on development projects.
Under the Environment Act 2021, most new developments in England must achieve at least a 10% net gain in biodiversity, measured using Defra’s statutory biodiversity metric calculation tool. Achieving this requires careful planning and that’s where GIS mapping software comes in.
This guide explains how to use both free and commercial Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for BNG. It compares QGIS and ArcGIS, showing how each supports habitat mapping for BNG and integrates with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool. It also highlights the BNG GIS Import Tool, practical workflow tips, and the benefits of using professional GIS-based mapping services. By the end, you’ll understand which BNG GIS mapping tools to use and how they can streamline your path to net gain compliance.
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Step 1: Request a Quote
Fill out our quick quote form or call us, and our team will provide a free, no-obligation quote, outlining the services tailored to your needs.
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Step 2: Confirm Your Booking
Once you approve the quote, simply return the booking form. We’ll schedule your survey and ensure all the details are taken care of.
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Step 3: Receive Your Report
After your survey is completed and payment is received, we’ll promptly issue your survey report, ensuring you get the results as quickly as possible.
In the past year, we’ve delivered over 750+ audit-ready reports supporting 400+ projects for developers, planners, and architects nationwide. We put quality over quantity and build lasting relationships based on trust, ensuring your planning applications are backed by robust evidence and delivered on time.
Understanding BNG GIS & Mapping Tools
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are digital platforms that capture, store, and analyse spatial data. In the context of Biodiversity Net Gain, GIS allows ecologists and planners to create interactive maps of habitats and track changes over time. Instead of paper maps or rough estimates, GIS provides precision, data layering, and spatial data visualisation for evidence-based decision-making.
Using GIS is crucial for BNG because the biodiversity unit metric is spatially driven – it calculates biodiversity units based on habitat area, condition, and distinctiveness. BNG GIS mapping tools ensure accuracy by measuring habitats digitally to the nearest square metre. They also reveal opportunities for habitat enhancement, visualise land use mapping, and help communicate results to planners and stakeholders. In short, GIS connects ecological data with mapping software to help plan, analyse, and deliver measurable biodiversity gains.
QGIS vs ArcGIS for Biodiversity Net Gain
When it comes to BNG mapping, two main GIS options dominate: QGIS and ArcGIS. Both are powerful for habitat mapping for BNG, but they differ in accessibility, cost, and functionality.
QGIS Free & Open-Source GIS
QGIS (Quantum GIS) is a free, open-source mapping platform one reason Natural England selected it to support Biodiversity Net Gain workflows. Anyone can download QGIS (from qgis.org) and use it on Windows, Mac, or Linux without licensing costs. It’s ideal for smaller consultancies, planners, or authorities looking for BNG GIS mapping tools free of charge. Despite being open-source, QGIS rivals paid software with strong mapping, analysis, and export capabilities.
The official QGIS BNG template, provided by Natural England, is a pre-configured project designed specifically for BNG mapping. It includes layers for baseline and post-intervention habitats (area habitats, hedgerows, watercourses) and built-in data fields aligned with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool. Users simply map their site’s habitats, complete the attributes (habitat type, condition, distinctiveness), and export data for use in the metric. This QGIS BNG template streamlines data capture and ensures results integrate smoothly into the BNG GIS Import Tool.
Getting QGIS is simple: download the latest version from qgis.org, install it, and load the template from Natural England’s Biodiversity Metric 4.0 tools page. The learning curve is moderate, but a large online community and detailed user guide make it accessible even for beginners. For cost-effective, accurate mapping, QGIS remains one of the best BNG GIS mapping tools available.
ArcGIS Commercial Mapping Software
ArcGIS, developed by Esri, is the leading commercial GIS platform used by many professionals and local authorities. It includes ArcGIS Pro for desktop and ArcGIS Online for cloud-based analysis. While not free, ArcGIS provides enterprise-level mapping performance and comprehensive geospatial analysis tools.
ArcGIS is ideal for organisations that already hold Esri licences. It supports 3D mapping software, advanced terrain mapping, and geodatabase management, allowing complex ecological data to be handled efficiently. ArcGIS users can fully implement BNG mapping by aligning data fields with the BNG GIS Data Standard, ensuring exports work seamlessly with the BNG GIS Import Tool.
To use ArcGIS, obtain a licence via Esri’s website or enterprise subscription, install ArcGIS Pro, and configure layers following Natural England’s data structure. Many environmental consultancies use ArcGIS to digitise habitats, calculate areas, and overlay datasets such as soils, flood zones, or strategic biodiversity networks. Though paid, it offers unparalleled performance and integration with other Esri tools like Survey123 and Field Maps excellent for habitat mapping for BNG in multi-site or large-scale projects.
QGIS vs ArcGIS Comparison Table
Aspect | QGIS (Open Source) | ArcGIS (Commercial) |
Cost | Free – ideal for smaller organisations or those seeking BNG GIS mapping tools free. | Paid licence or enterprise subscription required. |
Accessibility | Cross-platform (Windows, Mac, Linux). | Windows-based; cloud options via ArcGIS Online. |
BNG Support | Official QGIS BNG template and GIS Import Tool integration from Natural England. | No official template, but full support via GIS Data Standard and CSV export. |
Functionality | Robust mapping, spatial analysis, and plugin support. | Advanced geospatial analysis, 3D mapping, and large dataset management. |
Ease of Use | Moderate learning curve, large community. | Steeper for new users; formal training and support available. |
Both platforms can produce compliant BNG maps and metric-ready data the “best BNG GIS mapping tools” ultimately depend on your organisation’s resources and workflow.
Mapping Habitats for BNG
Habitat mapping for BNG is the foundation of every biodiversity assessment. Using GIS, ecologists digitise site habitats into accurate, measurable layers for both baseline and proposed scenarios.
- Baseline Habitat Map: Created from on-site surveys using the UKHab classification system, the baseline map records existing habitat types, conditions, and extents. BNG GIS mapping tools allow users to digitise polygons, lines, and points representing all habitats and linear features like hedgerows or watercourses.
- Proposed Habitat Map: The post-development scenario shows retained, enhanced, or newly created habitats (e.g., wildflower meadows, new woodland planting). Overlaying baseline and proposed maps in GIS reveal spatial changes and informs biodiversity unit metric calculations.
GIS mapping ensures every habitat area and length is quantified correctly for the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool. It also supports land use mapping, overlays with flood or soil layers, and visualisation of strategic biodiversity areas.
Modern approaches also use remote sensing technologies and digital mapping tools such as satellite imagery or drones to classify habitats and assess condition before verification in the field. Combined with GIS, these datasets deliver high-quality spatial data visualisation to support accurate, transparent BNG outcomes.
Integrating GIS with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0
Once habitats are mapped, GIS outputs must feed into the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool the statutory method for computing biodiversity units. Natural England’s BNG GIS Import Tool automates this process by linking GIS data to the metric spreadsheet.
- Export mapped habitat data (from QGIS BNG template or ArcGIS) as CSV files.
- Open the BNG GIS Import Tool (macro-enabled Excel file).
- Load your CSVs – the tool populates the Detailed Onsite and Detailed Proposed Habitat tabs automatically.
- Open the completed Biodiversity Metric 4.0 file to view units, losses, and gains.
This digital workflow ensures accuracy, prevents transcription errors, and aligns with the Statutory Biodiversity Metric calculation tool requirements. Whether using QGIS or ArcGIS, the GIS Import Tool standardises results and simplifies iterative design testing. If a development layout changes, update the GIS map, re-export, and instantly recalculate biodiversity units.
This integration of GIS and the metric enable rapid recalculation, improved accuracy, and compliance with statutory guidance making it an essential step in BNG mapping
Not Sure If Your BNG Calculations Are Correct?
The statutory biodiversity metric is detailed and easy to get wrong. Our qualified ecologists can review your baseline habitats, unit calculations and net gain strategy before submission.
Our BNG GIS Mapping Process
At ACP Consultants, our GIS workflow ensures reliable Biodiversity Net Gain assessments for any project:
- Habitat Survey & Data Collection – Field ecologists record habitats using GPS or digital mapping apps following UKHab standards.
- Baseline Habitat Mapping – We digitise field data using QGIS BNG template or ArcGIS, tagging habitat polygons and line features with all required attributes.
- Biodiversity Metric Calculation – Data is imported into the BNG GIS Import Tool and processed in Biodiversity Metric 4.0, generating baseline and post-intervention unit values.
- Iterative Design & Geospatial Analysis – We test multiple design scenarios using GIS overlays and geospatial analysis to achieve the required +10% net gain.
- Reporting & Submission – Final BNG mapping outputs include baseline and proposed maps, the metric calculator, and the complete Biodiversity Gain Plan package for planning submission.
Our integrated process links ecology, mapping, and policy compliance seamlessly.
Benefits of Professional BNG Mapping
Professional BNG GIS mapping ensures your biodiversity assessment is accurate, compliant, and submission-ready:
- Accuracy: GIS ensures precise habitat mapping for BNG, delivering defensible biodiversity unit calculations.
- Efficiency: Automation via the BNG GIS Import Tool saves time and prevents manual entry errors.
- Compliance: Outputs meet statutory standards under the Environment Act 2021 and align with Natural England’s latest guidance.
- Insight: Advanced geospatial analysis identifies the most effective habitat enhancements for maximising biodiversity gain.
- Clarity: High-quality mapping software outputs aid communication with planners, stakeholders, and contractors.
- Futureproofing: GIS datasets create a permanent, updatable record for long-term BNG monitoring.
Conclusion & Next Steps
Biodiversity Net Gain is transforming how developments are planned, and having the right BNG GIS mapping tools is key to success. Whether you prefer the open-source flexibility of QGIS or the enterprise power of ArcGIS, both integrate effectively with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool and GIS Import Tool.
By combining field ecology with habitat mapping for BNG, digital workflows, and accurate unit calculation, your project can meet and exceed the mandatory 10% net gain requirement.
If you need expert support implementing these tools or producing professional BNG mapping outputs for planning, our team can help. We provide practical guidance, data processing, and report delivery using both QGIS BNG template and ArcGIS systems.
Contact us today to streamline your Biodiversity Net Gain workflow with accurate, efficient, and compliant GIS-based mapping solutions.
References and Useful Resources
- Defra & Natural England – Biodiversity Metric: Calculate the biodiversity net gain of a project or development
- Lichfield District Council – Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) Guidance for Planning Applications
- East Devon District Council – How is Biodiversity Net Gain Measured?
- Defra (July 2025) – The Statutory Biodiversity Metric: User Guide
- North Hertfordshire District Council – How to Measure Biodiversity Net Gain
- Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) – Biodiversity Net Gain Case Studies & Good Practice
- CIEEM – Biodiversity Net Gain Report and Audit Templates
- UK Statutory Instruments – The Biodiversity Gain Requirements (Exemptions) Regulations 2024
- Natural England – Habitat Management and Monitoring Plan (HMMP) Template (JP058)
- Defra – Biodiversity Gain Plan: Template and Guidance
- Defra – Guidance: Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain
- Natural England – Biodiversity Net Gain: Where to Start
- ESRI UK – Start mapping Biodiversity Net Gain
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Frequently Asked Questions
Understanding how to use BNG GIS mapping tools is vital for anyone preparing a Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) assessment or biodiversity gain plan.
Below you’ll find answers to common questions about QGIS and ArcGIS software, habitat mapping methods, digital tools, and data standards. These FAQs also cover key search phrases people use online such as BNG GIS mapping tools free, GIS analytics, biodiversity metric 4.0 calculation tool, and habitat mapping for BNG helping you navigate every step of the process.
What are BNG GIS mapping tools and why are they essential for Biodiversity Net Gain?
BNG GIS mapping tools are specialised mapping software platforms (like QGIS and ArcGIS) that allow ecologists to record, measure, and analyse habitats spatially.
They convert ecological survey data into accurate digital habitat maps used in the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool. Without GIS, it’s difficult to achieve reliable unit calculations or demonstrate compliance with the Environment Act 2021 requirement for a 10% net gain. These tools combine mapping software, spatial data visualisation, and geospatial analysis to ensure every habitat area and boundary is correctly captured.
Which is better for BNG mapping QGIS or ArcGIS?
Both QGIS and ArcGIS are excellent BNG GIS mapping tools, but the right choice depends on your needs.
- QGIS is open source, free to download, and comes with an official QGIS BNG template from Natural England making it ideal for smaller teams or those seeking BNG GIS mapping tools free.
- ArcGIS, developed by Esri, is a commercial platform offering advanced GIS analytics, 3D mapping software, and enterprise-grade geodatabase management.
Both can export habitat data in the same GIS Data Standard format to use with the BNG GIS Import Tool and the statutory biodiversity metric calculation tool.
How do I download and install BNG GIS mapping tools like QGIS or ArcGIS?
For QGIS, visit the official qgis.org website, choose the latest Long-Term Release (LTR), and follow the installer for Windows, Mac, or Linux.
After installation, download the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 QGIS template and BNG GIS Import Tool from GOV.UK (Natural England’s publication page).
For ArcGIS, register with Esri UK, obtain a licence or free trial, then install ArcGIS Pro. Configure your project using the GIS Data Standard so your exports match the format accepted by the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool.
In both cases, these BNG GIS mapping tools download options provide everything you need to start habitat mapping for BNG.
How does GIS integrate with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool?
The Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool is an Excel-based system that uses habitat data exported from GIS.
Through the BNG GIS Import Tool, users can automatically transfer data from QGIS or ArcGIS into the metric spreadsheet filling in all onsite and post-development habitat tables. This workflow eliminates manual errors, ensures compliance with Natural England’s statutory biodiversity metric, and dramatically speeds up the BNG mapping process. It also supports iterative design updates: if your layout changes, simply re-export from GIS, reload, and recalculate biodiversity units instantly.
Can GIS mapping tools help with digital and 3D visualisation for BNG?
Yes, modern digital mapping tools like ArcGIS Pro and QGIS 3D View enable detailed spatial data visualisation and terrain mapping for Biodiversity Net Gain projects.
They can produce realistic 3D habitat models, contour analyses, or cross-sections showing proposed landscape changes. This supports better design decisions, especially where urban planning GIS and ecological restoration overlap. 3D and interactive maps also help explain habitat distinctiveness, slopes, and connectivity to planners or stakeholders in a visually engaging way.
What is the BNG GIS Import Tool and how does it work?
The BNG GIS Import Tool is an Excel macro developed by Natural England to link GIS data directly with the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool.
It reads CSV files exported from QGIS or ArcGIS and automatically populates the metric’s habitat tables saving hours of manual data entry. The Import Tool checks data quality and ensures it matches the official GIS Data Standard (field names, habitat types, condition values, and areas). It’s particularly useful for large sites with many habitat parcels and is central to any efficient BNG GIS mapping workflow.
How do GIS analytics and geospatial analysis improve BNG outcomes?
GIS analytics go beyond simple mapping. Using geospatial analysis, practitioners can identify under-utilised areas, calculate precise habitat coverage, and model different enhancement scenarios to achieve 10% net gain.
For example, overlaying soil or flood-zone data helps target optimal locations for woodland creation or wetland enhancement. Scenario testing in GIS allows ecologists to visualise biodiversity gains and losses in real time, ensuring the most efficient use of space while maximising ecological value. This analytical approach makes BNG mapping evidence-based rather than guesswork.
How can professional BNG mapping services support planning applications?
Professional GIS and ecology teams combine field survey data with advanced mapping software to create fully compliant Biodiversity Gain Plans.
They manage the entire process from habitat mapping for BNG in QGIS or ArcGIS to running the Biodiversity Metric 4.0 calculation tool and generating the required planning submission maps.
Specialists also ensure that maps include north arrows, scales, legends, and spatially verified habitat boundaries meeting local authority validation checklists. Working with experts ensures accuracy, saves time, and provides confidence that your plan meets all statutory biodiversity metric and planning policy requirements.
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- Last Updated:
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Disclaimer: Our content is prepared by ACP Consultants’ in-house specialists and is based on current guidance, standards, and best practice in environmental consultancy. While we make every effort to keep information accurate and up to date, it is provided for general guidance only and should not be relied upon as a substitute for professional advice on specific projects. Planning authorities retain final decision-making powers, and requirements may vary between local authorities and over time. ACP Consultants accepts no liability for any loss arising from reliance on this content without obtaining tailored advice for your project.